Intense laser pulses ablate a carbon target which is placed in a tubefurnace see fig. The carbon nanotube production processes are very different from the traditional ic fabrication process. Smalley and his group used for the first time laser ablation to grow high quality nanotubes. In the laser ablation technique, a high power laser was used to vaporize carbon from a graphite target at high temperature. In 2000, a multiwalled carbon nanotube was tested to have a tensile strength of 63 gigapascals 9,100,000 psi. Jun 21, 2012 a major problem with most current bulk synthetic methods for carbon nanotube synthesis is the lack of control over their structure.
Ultrashortpulse laser ablation and modification of fully sprayed. Critical revie ws in solid state and materials sciences. The production of nanohybrids formed by oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwcnts and nanoparticles, produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquids process, is described. Silva advanced technology institute, university of surrey guildford, surrey, uk s. Multiwall carbon nanotubes mwnts were modified by laser ablation of cu, ti and tin in the presence of he, o 2 and n 2 buffer gases. Compared to conventional cvd formation on substrates, the laser. Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass. Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively.
The high power of the laser beam induces large light absorption on the surface of target, which makes temperature of the absorbing material increase rapidly. The possible role of nickel in the kinetics of carbon nanotube formation will be discussed. In the plasma plume that is generated by the laser, provided that appropriate conditions exist, swnts form and are collected downstream from the plasma plume on a cold finger. The laser ablation method is amenable to applying the techniques of laser spectroscopy, a powehl tool for probing the energies and. Achievements, 1 kw demo runs 2 ghour swnt raw material production rate 10 ghour ablation rate. Future roadmap towards the exploration of cnt synthesis methods is also outlined. Recent lif data of nickel indicate longer decay of the order of few milliseconds of nickel atomic vapor. Carbon nanotube assembly and integration for applications. Carbon nanotube synthesis in a flame using laser ablation. The effect of laser wavelength on singlewall carbon nanotubes synthesis yield and their properties was studied. Assigning of the carbon nanotube type was done by a combination of highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem, raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory dft calculations. Carbon nanotubes cnts are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. References on carbon related nanomaterial synthesis using gasphase laser ablation are arranged in table 3. Particularly, femtosecond laser assisted nanojoining has received.
This strength results from the covalent sp 2 bonds formed between the individual carbon atoms. Carbon nanotube synthesis, arc discharge, laser ablation, process. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the laser ablation method. For illustration, this translates into the ability. The most commonly used one is called chemical vapor deposition cvd.
The ic fabrication process is somewhat like sculpturefilms are deposited onto a wafer and patternetched away. Inorganic nanotubes have also been synthesized a simple nanotube has a structure similar to a fullerene, but where a fullerene. Bystrzejewski m1, rummeli mh, lange h, huczko a, baranowski p, gemming t, pichler t. The formation and incorporation of pani on the surface of the cnts were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Electronic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes. Single walled carbon nanotubes swcnts were discovered independently by. References on carbonrelated nanomaterial synthesis using gasphase laser ablation are arranged in table 3. So i have studied and taken most of the references. Many different parameters such as ablation temperature, laser wavelength, laser energy, pressure, type of the inert gas, etc. These results illustrate that the materials for catalyst particle formation and cnt, swnt or.
They exhibit unusual strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat. Assigning of carbon nanotube type was done by a combination of highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem, raman spectroscopy and density functional theory dft calculations. This has a direct technological goal with the simulation of the cooling device in laser ablation setups as a collector of carbon nanotubes. Why do carbon nanotube synthesis using the jefferson lab free electron laser. The sizes of cu, tio 2 and tin particles and their agglomerated structures were varied dependent on types of the particles and surface properties of mwnts. High resolution tem image of the end of a typical nanotube showing. Why do carbon nanotube synthesis using the jefferson lab free. Yag laser, working at a wavelength of 355 or 1064 nm, was used. Laser ablation of either ni or fe is used to create nanoparticles within a reactive flame environment for catalysis of carbon nanotubes cnts. The nanotubes will selfassemble from carbon vapors and condense on the walls of the flow tube.
These cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology. The latitude of the developed pulsed laser deposition process permits not only the control of the size of the pbs. Structure and morphology the bonding in carbon nanotubes is sp. Can we optimize arc discharge and laser ablation for well. Industrial grade cnt production is urgent such that invention of novel methods and engineering principles for largescale synthesis are needed.
Ablation of fe in a coenriched flame produces singlewalled nanotubes, whereas, ablation of ni in an acetyleneenriched flame produces carbon nanofibers. Specific spectroscopic techniques employed include resolved emission and laser induced fluorescence. Bunkin 1 1wave research center, prokhorov general physics institute, russian academy of sciences, moscow, russia 2natural sciences center, prokhorov general physics institute, russian academy of sciences. Oct 17, 2017 the performance and thermal resistance of cooling devices in a laser ablation setup for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis are investigated using heat transfer equations and for three cooling designs. Carbon nanotubes produced by laser ablation were purer up to 90 % purity than those produced in the arc discharge process and ha ve a very narrow distribution of diameters.
Diagnostics of carbon nanotube formation in a laser. Carbon nanotube cntmetal composites are attractive for applications such as nanowiring and battery electrodes. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment zhuang liu1, kai chen2, corrine davis3. A singlewalled carbon nanotube swnt is a oneatom thick sheet of graphite called graphene rolled up into a seamless cylinder with diameter on the order of a nanometer. Tailored production of nanostructured carbon foam by laser. Carbon nanotubes seminar report by shuhabutariq 1si03ec109 3 different types of carbon nanotubes can be produced in various ways. Seminar report on carbon nanotubes linkedin slideshare. Request pdf synthesis of carbon nanotubes by laser ablation of graphites at room temperature we successfully synthesized carbon nanotubes with very. A high power laser is rastered across a carbon target.
The thinnest carbon nanotube is the armchair 2,2 cnt with a diameter of 0. Effect of laser wavelength justynachrzanowska 1,jacekhoffman,arturmalolepszy2,martamazurkiewicz2,tomasza. In this work, we deposited various types of metal particles on the surfaces of cnts by laser ablation, and we investigated that the morphologies of the deposited particles depended on the surface properties of cnts. The diameter distribution of swnts from this method varies about 1. Markopoulosa a department of mechanical engineering, manufacturing technology division, national technical university of athens. Pulsed laser ablation based direct synthesis of single.
Optimization of cooling devices used in laser ablation. A major problem with most current bulk synthetic methods for carbon nanotube synthesis is the lack of control over their structure. A threshold for a laser induced ablative material removal is a key governing parameter for a number of. Usually,twoseparatelasersworkingattwo different laser wavelengths, 532 and 1064nm 8 and a dichroic mirror were used. Carbon nanotubeslaser ablation gold nanoparticles composites. Singleshot and singlespot measurement of laser ablation. Owing to the materials exceptional strength and stiffness, nanotubes have been constructed with lengthtodiameter ratio of up to. Qds but also the straightforward integration of these novel swcntpbs. Carbon nanotubes cnts have attracted significant interest due to their unique combination of properties including high mechanical strength, large aspect ratios, high surface area, distinct optical characteristics, high thermal and electrical conductivity, which make them suitable for a wide range of applications in areas from electronics transistors, energy production and storage to. The use of two successive laser pulses minimizes the amount of carbon deposited as soot. Although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis, still, we notice many arguments, criticisms, and appeals for its optimization and process control. Carbon nanotubes seminar report by shuhabutariq 1si03ec109. Carbon nanotubes are fundamentally different from films. There are two models which can be used to describe the structures of multiwalled nanotubes.
Many of the extraordinary properties attributed to nanotubesamong them. There are a couple of techniques used to produce carbon nanotubes cnts. Thesis submitted to the graduate studies, universiti putra malaysia, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties. In this experiment, the laser operated at a wavelength of 355 or 1064nm. A large percentage of academic and popular literature attributes the discovery of hollow, nanometer sized tubes composed of graphitic carbon to sumio iijima of nec in 1991. Laser ablation can also be defined as the ejection of target ma. Insitu diagnostics of carbon nanotube production by laser. A 2006 editorial written by marc monthioux and vladimir kuznetsov in the journal carbon has described origin of the carbon nanotube7. Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass substrates as transparent field emitters stephen m. Various techniques have been evolved to produce nanotubes in bulk, including of arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, electrolysis, and ball.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. The structure of an ideal infinitely long singlewalled carbon nanotube is that of a regular hexagonal lattice drawn on an infinite cylindrical surface, whose vertices are the positions of the carbon atoms. Synthesis at 1, 3, 5, and 6 microns 3 microns worked discovered plumebeam interaction axiallypumped rig showed target speed dwell is critical to ablating in ultrafast mode. The shortest carbon nanotube is the organic compound cycloparaphenylene, which was synthesized in 2008. In order to generate swnts, metal particles as catalysts must be added to the graphite targets similar to the arc. And, we have a completely unique synthesis path with. Green synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes. Many highvalue applications for nanotubes require a specific type, whether singlewalled, chiral, coiled, hornshaped, etc. Why do carbon nanotube synthesis using the jefferson lab. The use of linkers, obtained by transformation of pyrene1butanol, is mandatory to generate an efficient and stable interaction between the two components. An ultrasonication treatment of asgrown mwnts was very effective to attach the agglomerated. Cvd is the same process that is used to manufacture semiconductors and other microelectronic devices.
Among carbon allotropes, single wall carbon nanotubes swcnts are. In 1995, smalley and coworkers produced carbon nanotubes using laser ablation technique 1. Request pdf synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the laser ablation method. Pulsed laser ablation induced synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Laserablationsynthesized singlewall cnts swcnts 34 of 1. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by laser ablation of graphites at. This nanotube was grown inside a multiwalled carbon nanotube.
Diagnostics of carbon nanotube formation in a laser produced. Modification of carbon nanotubes by laser ablation. In the soot at the negative electrode of an arc discharge little tubes mixed with a large amount of other forms of carbon were found. Carbon nanotubespolyaniline cntpani nanocomposites were synthesized by the interfacial polymerization of aniline in the presence of cnts using two green solvents, water and an ionic liquid 1butyl3methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, bmimbf 4, as the two phases. The second laser pulse breaks up the larger particles ablated by the first one, and feeds them into the. Nov 26, 20 swnts and mwnts are usually made by carbon arc discharge, laser ablation of carbon, or chemical vapor deposition typically on catalytic particle. Briefly, there are two essential parts in the laser ablation device, a pulsed laser co 2 laser, ndyag laser, arf excimer laser, or xecl excimer laser and an ablation chamber. Future roadmap towards the exploration of cnt synthesis methods is also. Singleshot and singlespot measurement of laser ablation threshold for carbon nanotubes vasily n. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes fb physik, fu berlin. Kowalewski1, zygmunt szymanski1, and leszek stobinski,3,4 1institute of fundamental technological research, polish academy of sciences, pawinskiego 5b, warsaw 02106, poland 2faculty of materials science.
We have the opportunity to scale up to produce high quality nanotubes in 10 to 100 gram quantities for the fabrication of demonstration objects things you can hold in your hand and test. Carbon nanotube production by laser ablation provides an environment for the spectroscopic probing of carbonaceous materials and metal atoms. The synthesis product yield which represents the amount of carbon nanotubes expected in the converted carbon is 60% 2. The arcdischarge and laser ablation are well established in producing highquality. This results in a nanostructure where the lengthtodiameter ratio exceeds 1,000,000. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer. The laser vaporization or laser ablation method was developed in 1995. Review article carbon nanotubes and its applications.
This contrasts with less than a millisecond decays of c2 and c3 observed in the plume. Carbon nanotube synthesis in a flame using laser ablation for. Laser ablation of metal doped graphite to produce a plasma plume in which carbon nanotubes self assemble is one method of making carbon nanotube. Tem images revealed nanotube agglomerates in two morphological not aligned ways. Electronic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation siphephile ncube a dissertation submitted to the faculty of science, university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Both mwnts and swnts can be produced with this technique. The performance and thermal resistance of cooling devices in a laser ablation setup for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis are investigated using heat transfer equations and for three cooling designs. Structure of carbon nanotube table 1 comparison between swnt and mwnt sr. The arcdischarge method synthesizes nanotubes by using a fairly. In another development, laser ablation in a high temperature flow reactor laser oven method has been widely used to generate highpurity swcnts puretzky et al. Since the length of the carboncarbon bonds is fairly fixed, there are constraints on the diameter of the cylinder and the arrangement of the atoms on it. A 2006 editorial written by marc monthioux and vladimir kuznetsov in the journal carbon has described the interesting and often misstated origin of the carbon nanotube. Pulsed laser ablation for the direct synthesis of single.
Optimization of cooling devices used in laser ablation setups. Swnts and mwnts are usually made by carbonarc discharge, laser ablation of carbon, or chemical vapor deposition typically on catalytic particle. High temperature preparation techniques for example laser ablation or arc discharge were first used to synthesize cnts, but currently, these. Cnts are hollow carbon structures with one or more walls, a small diameter on the nanometer scale and a. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules with properties that make them potentially useful in extremely small scale electronic and mechanical applications. The thinnest freestanding singlewalled carbon nanotube is about 0. The presented synthesis laser system was used forthe. Precision engineering 28 2004 1630 nanotechnology and nanostructured materials. About europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance. Effect of laser wavelength the effect of laser wavelength on singlewall carbon. Thesis submitted to the graduate studies, universiti putra malaysia, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition cvd. Ultrashort laser pulse material ablation is a precise subtractive patterning. I found numerous properties and applications of carbon nanotube in the websites.
1151 487 1247 1567 1326 1440 796 1518 1534 1391 1402 371 957 1090 682 113 1199 1364 631 1081 503 1434 618 878 1090 1196 918 1229 995 46 16 1383 1317 737 768 1257