Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water in solar stills. Flow through system was applied to the meb and stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Experimental investigation on the performance of four types of solar stills in malaysia. A solar still distills water, using the heat of the sun to evaporate, cool then collect the water. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Experimental validation of optimized solar still using solar energy.
Different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Solar still definition is a small device originally designed for army and navy fliers forced down in the sea that converts salt water or contaminated water into drinking water by vaporization by the suns rays and condensation. A series of experiments were carried out using conventional solar still, modified solar stills with stone chips mss1, sand stones mss2, and calcium oxide mss3 for the period of may 2016. The high temperatures produced destroy all pathogens. They reported that the inclined type solar still, with coral fleece and weir meshstepped absorber plate had. Nov 11, 2015 passive solar stills only utilize exorbitant available solar energy to remove the impurity in contaminated water, thus it is safe, clean, ecofriendly, and energy saving process. The inner and outer circular tubes are positioned with a 5 mm gap for the flowing water and air to cool the outer surface of the inner tube. Solar stills, transparent cover, evaporator liner, sealants, insulation contents 1.
Cherrared 7 carried out a systematic comparison between a simple solar and solar waterheater still. Factors affecting solar stills productivity and improvement. A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity. In subtropical hurricane target areas that can lose power for days, solar distillation can provide an alternative source of clean water. There are many designs of solar distillation systems but the mostwidely used one is the conventional still. Introduction solar water purification is a relatively simple treatment of brackish i. The passive solar stills are conventional solar stills css which use the solar energy falling on the basin effective area as the only source of thermal energy. Theoretical analysis of solar distillation using active solar still article pdf available december 2010 with 1,697 reads how we measure reads. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. We made a very simpler version of a solar still with a glass bowl, a small glass jar and plastic wrap. Year 6 changes to materials can be reversible or irreversible acssu095 year 7 some of earths resources are renewable, including water that cycles through the environment, but others are nonrenewable acssu116 in this activity. Moisture from the soil then evaporates, rises and condenses on the underside of the plastic barrier above.
A concentrated solar still can produce more than 930 megalitres per year 750 acre. Pdf effect of various parameters on different types of. Although the basic knowledge and state of the art has not changed dramatically in the last 40 years, there are some interesting new designs and modified solar stills with increased efficiency. Comparative study of innovative solar still modifications. Improved solar still for water purification journal of sustainable. New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills approach 60 percent. This paper presents a periodic analysis for estimating the distillate output of a single. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report.
Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. For solar still activity with standards, teachers guide, and student instructions, please see the solar stills challenge pdf, part of the 2011 international year of chemistry, or pbs learning medias solar still activity for grades 312. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single slope solar still, tubular solar still and tubular solar still coupled with pyramid solar still and their performance evaluation in converting brackish water into fresh water for drinking are presented. A schematic diagram of typical basin type solar still is shown in figure 1. The effect of using different designs of solar stills on. Production model of new tubular solar still and its. They used finned and corrugated absorbers solar stills. Effect of various parameters on different types of solar still. A solar still is an apparatus exposed to solar radiation that consists essentially of a basin with a solar collector where saline water is deposited. Solar still definition of solar still by merriamwebster. With just a few basic building materials, a sheet of glass.
Solar stills are cheap and having low maintenance cost but the problem of solar still is the low productivity 2. Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Water recovery from air glossary bibliography and suggestions for further study summary the development of solar stills has demonstrated their application when weather. Energy and exergy analysis of passive solar distillation systems. In order to improve the productivity of a solar still of hotbox type, l. Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. In order to increase the productivity of solar stills, kabeel et al. However, the higher productivity is not desirable at the expense of cost of construction.
They have created some of the best and most innovated products available today exclusively for the rv owner, some of. However, in the active solar still, extra thermal energy is given to the passive solar still for faster evaporation, and hence increasing productivity. A flatplate solar collector represents the simplest type, composed of a rectangular box with a glass cover and a heatabsorbent bottom layer. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Energy analysis of a stepped cascade solar still connected. Others used multipleeffect stills 2936, wicks 3739, vacuum technologies 40, 41. A cpc concentric tubular solar still design with a rectangular absorber is presented as shown in figures 11, 12, and 14 and the specification shown in table 1. In areas that frequently loss power, solar stills can provide an alternate source of clean water. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. Sunlight passes through the glass, warming the interior, and a series of pipes or ducts allows water or air to flow through the unit and absorb the ambient heat. In this study, a new tubular solar still tss made of cheap, lightweight and locally. Pdf theoretical analysis of solar distillation using. Parameters affecting productivity of solar still and. Centre of energy studies and department of physics, indian institute of technology, new delhi.
The future of solar energy considers only the two widely recognized classes of technologies for converting solar energy into electricity photovoltaics pv and concentrated solar power csp, sometimes called solar thermal in their current and plausible future forms. Their results indicate that, using finned and corrugated absorbers improve the productivity of solar stills. September 2015 learn how and when to remove this template message the following is a list of products powered by sunlight. The present investigation showed that the productivity of asymmetric greenhouse type still asght having mirrors on its inside walls was higher than that of the symmetric greenhouse type. A double slope single basin solar still coupled with an etc solar water heater is designed and constructed for the experimental work. Thus, this is all about different types of solar water purifying systems. Temperatures of basinliner, saline water body and inner and outer glass cover are estimated theoretically with the help of a computer program using a set of typical design and operating parameters. Solar thermal technologies for seawater desalination. Aquamate solar stills are light, compact and very easy to. Water vapor condenses on the lower surface of the cover, flowing down to a collection point. Solar radiation is the input energy of the passive solar stills, but the efficiency of the system is low.
The performance of the conventional solar stills is compared with that of the basin integrated solar still. Cherrared 7 carried out a systematic comparison between a simple solar and solar water heater still. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. The pump is powered by a goal zero solar generator.
Solar stills solar still is possibly the oldest method of desalination of water. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. Hence, attention has been focused on basin type solar stills with a view to improving their performance. How to build a solar still renewable energy mother earth news.
Inexpensive new solar still ups water purification efficiency. Aug 26, 20 one of the main setbacks for solar desalination plant is the low thermal efficiency and productivity. The water evaporates, and in this process, only pure water vapor rises in the still, only to condense on the glass. For the basin type solar still and for low tilt angles of glass cover, the basin and glass cover can be assumed to be parallel infinite plates. Solar stills can provide a solution for those areas where solar energy is available in plenty but water quality is not good. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. Studiomobiles living ecosystem produces fresh water for a future world of rising oceans. A history of the solar still everything about solar energy. Zamp solar is the expert in the recreational vehicle solar battery charging industry. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside plastic surface and drips down from the weighted low point, where it is collected and removed. For high efficiency the solar still should maintain.
From the results, the yield of finned and corrugated solar stills was greater than that for conventional still. Jordan, khalifa and hamood conducted experiments on solar still at latitude 31. According to the obtained results, one can conclude that water temperature has an impact on the daily production of the still and its efficiency. Oct 26, 2011 solar still makes water purification easy, works like an upsidedown coffee maker this simple, innovative solar still purifies water without electricity or filters. Hypothetical graph of temperature gradients developed along the length of the evaporator and condenser air ducts. The basin of the solar still is square in shape with an absorber area of 1m2. New solar still claims nearperfect efficiency in purifying water.
This device can be used for producing drinking water. Solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or well water is impractical, such as in remote homes or during power outages. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. The concentrated solar still implements a method for recovering the latent heat of the distillate vapor not captured and reused by a standard solar still. Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification and can use any type of thermal energy. The solar still costs only a fraction of the price of a mechanical or electrical unit. Separated systems are known as indirect solar desalination 16, in which the thermal energy from the sun is used for either heating the seawater or generating steam in conventional distillation plants, using for example multieffect me, multistage flash msf or. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. Zamp solar is leading the charge in rv solar charging technology. Single slope solar still, cfd introduction now days, lack of drinking water is majour problem in most of the countries. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active. Productivity enhancement of a single basin and single slope solar. Jan 31, 2017 solar stills can be livesaving devices for people in developing countries or disasteraffected areas, but theres room for improvement according to the team made up of members from the university. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills.
Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or membrane separation. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Results showed that the floatingwick type solar still gives higher productivity but it cant resist contamination. What are the different types of solar stills exist. They all basically use the same principle, but have different shapes and ways of catching the liquid. The dune solar still with its canopy installed and inflated.
The brackish water seawater is fed into the unit, being evaporated by solar radiation through a transparent cover. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. The performance of different solar stills was evaluated under two cases. The present work focuses in the modelling of solar still systems of salt water, aiming at producing fresh water, having considered for that purpose four types of installations. The basin structure of the solar still is composed of a galvanized iron sheet. Its principle of operation is the greenhouse effect.
In this communication, a comprehensive thermodynamic model for exergy analysis of a passive solar distillation system is presented. Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day. Research on solar stills has continued and only in the 21st century more than 200 scientific papers have been published so far dealing with solar stills. May, 2012 some redwood boards, a large black towel, copper pipe, a glass pane, screws, and these plans are all you need to make a solar still that will purify more than a gallon a day of salt water. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Experimental evaluation of a single slope solar still. The wick materials included wood pulp paper wick, wicking water, coral fleece fabric and polystyrene sponge.
Because energy supply facilities typically last several decades, technologies in these classes will dominate solar. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. Solar still is an economical and easy method for production of pure water. Many materials such as sponges, fins, wick and pebbles are added in the still and maximum 78% productivity was found for fin. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the solar still basin.
Solar stills operate on the same principles that produce rainfall. We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. The technology is simple in design and use and is discribed by simple pictograms. Solar energy utilization in two different types of solar stills is considered, and factors that influence the productivity of solar stills are discussed. Make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. Study on stepped type basin in a solar still sciencedirect. Solar energy heats the ground by passing through a clear plastic barrier. There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills, and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst. According to the obtained results, one can conclude that water temperature has an impact on the daily production of the still. Access to clean water is one of the worlds most pressing problems, but a team of university at buffalo researchers has come up with a new take on an old technology that uses sunlight to purify water. The maximum output was found in the fin type solar still.
Particulars symbol design parameter of solar still 1 solar declination angle. The solar still functions under the general principle of the greenhouse effect. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills. Solar stills are systems of easy operation and low cost that, through the use of. A large use of solar stills is in developing countries where the technology to effectively distill large quantities of water has not yet arrived. Different configurations of solar stills have been proposed in literature due to large area requirements of conventional basin type solar stills. If the ground is very dry, a solar still will produce less water. Diamantis solar powered water filter is designed to provide drinking. Internal surfaces of the walls of the conventional solar. Different types of water purification systems using solar.
The solar still has been used for over fifty years by military and civilian services around the world. Sep 17, 2012 make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. For a singleeffect still, efficiency is defined as the ratio of latent heat energy of the condensed water to the total amount of solar energy incident on the still. Pdf experimental investigation on the performance of. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where there are no other sources of energy, while still being friendly to the environment.
Solar stills the solar still is a very simple method for the distillation of water, based on solar energy. Most of the water resources are under the stage of depletion. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at. The still also has the ability to purify tainted water. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass glazing like single slope,double slope and wick type solar still. Details of design calculations for even type solar still.
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